《环境科学技术评论杂志》刊登“一篇关于饮用水中氟的地位和压力影响的综述”

作者: S. AYOOB, A. K. GUPTA

刊物：Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2006年,36卷第6期, 433-487

关键词：严重氟骨症；龋齿；氟斑牙；氟化物；氟中毒；氟骨症

中文摘要：水是生命之源，然而世界范围内有数十亿人口不能喝到安全的饮用水。近年来，随着清洁水源成为最必要的权利——生存权，越来越多的全球注意力集中在解决水质量的问题上，尤其是在发展中国家更为明显。最新估计表明，来自世界各地25个国家的大约2亿人承受着可怕的氟中毒命运。世界上人口最多的国家：印度和中国，受的影响最大。印度充斥着大量由地球成因起源造成多产污染物而引发的水质量问题，氟污染首当其冲。土壤中富含氟矿物的岩石风化和浸溶产出氟化物，高氟地下水通常与低钙含量和高碳酸氢根离子含量相关联。无节制的地下水开采不断恶化饮用水水源的枯竭，并且加速氟化物进入地下水中。大多数科技文献证实低氟浓度对防止龋齿有益。然而，一个惊人的悖论：印度分别在0.5、0.7和2.8ppm较低氟浓度的情况下报道出现牙齿、骨骼氟中毒和严重氟骨症的情况。氟中毒演变成印度最为普遍的地球化学疾病，影响着超过6600万的人口，其中包括600万名14岁以下儿童的。尽管氟化物已经蔓延到36988处住所，深受氟中毒危害的人口不断增加，一个确切的暴露健康关系仍然没有被妥善地阐明。由营养不良在氟中毒严重性上占据重要的地位可知，贫困和氟中毒存在着一种基本关系。

Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Reviewon the Status and Stress Effects

Authors：S. AYOOB, A. K. GUPTA

Journal：Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2006年,Volume:36; Issues: 6, 433-487

Key words：Crippling skeletal fluorosis;Dental caries;Dental fluorosis;Fluoride;Fluorosis;Skeletal fluorosis

Abstract：‘Water is life,’ so central to human life, yet over one billion peopleacross the world have no access to safe drinking water. Of late,there has been increasing global attention focused on resolving waterquality problems especially in developing countries, as the lack ofaccess to clean water denies the most essential of all rights, the rightto life. The latest estimates suggest that around 200 million people,from among 25 nations the world over, are under the dreadful fateof fluorosis. India and China, the two most populous countries ofthe world, are the worst affected. India is plagued with numerouswater quality problems due to prolific contaminants mainly of geogenicorigin and fluoride stands first among them. The weatheringof primary rocks and leaching of fluoride-containing minerals insoils yield fluoride rich groundwater in India which is generally associatedwith low calcium content and high bicarbonate ions. Theunfettered ground water tapping exacerbates the failure of drinkingwater sources and accelerates the entry of fluoride into groundwater.Most of the scientific literature substantiates the benefits of lowfluoride concentrations in preventing dental decay. However, asa surprising paradox, incidence of dental, skeletal and cripplingskeletal fluorosis was reported in India with average fluoride concentrationsas low as 0.5, 0.7 and 2.8 ppm respectively. Fluorosis,turns out to be the most widespread geochemical disease in India,affecting more than 66 million people including 6 million childrenunder 14 years age. Though fluoride has spread its tentacles in36,988 habitations and the number of people falling prey to fluoridepoisoning have been steadily increasing, an exact exposure-healthrelationship is yet to be properly elucidated. There is an essentialrelation between poverty and fluorosis as malnutrition is found toplay an aggressive role in its severity.

原文链接：http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10643380600678112