《Journal of Hydraulic Engineering》杂志刊登“中国2268年之久的都江堰工程的水利原理”

作者：ShanghongZhang ;Yujun Yi ; Yan Liu ; and Xingkui Wang

刊物：Journal of Hydraulic Engineering，2012年9月17日

关键词：都江堰工程；古代水利工程；可持续利用；流体动力学

摘要：都江堰工程是与水利有关的世界文化遗产。它已运行了2260年，现在在灌溉，城市和工业供水，防洪和旅游方面发挥着重要作用。本文讨论了这个工程的水利原理，集中关注这个工程寿命极长的原因。特别是，回顾了这个工程的两个方面，即工程的设计和它的杰出的历史意义以及基于时间的维护。这个工程堰结构的设计巧妙的利用了地形、地貌。通过两个步骤实现了引水，灌溉和防洪的任务。第一步是利用从关口到鱼嘴（一个导流堤）流线的转变和水流弯曲。通过第二个步骤飞沙堰（一个输沙和水流的溢洪道）和宝瓶口（一个引水口）的结合流量和输沙量得到进一步优化。在内江的水流的弯曲迫使表面水流流进宝瓶口，底部的沉积物和卵石从飞沙堰排出。整个历史时期都高度重视这个工程的管理和维护。改造和随时间的革新使这个工程没有因为沉积物的积累和建筑材料的老化而被遗弃。因为维护和运行费用远远低于这个工程带来的经济、社会和生态效益，都江堰工程得以长时间可持续发展。都江堰工程的工程设计和维护原则的研究有益于现代水利工程的设计和建设。

Hydraulic principles of the 2,268-year-old Dujiangyan Project in China

Authors:ShanghongZhang ;Yujun Yi ; Yan Liu ; and Xingkui Wang

Journal: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, posted ahead of print September 17, 2012.

Key words:Dujiangyan Project; ancient hydraulic project; sustainable utilization; hydrodynamics

Abstract: The Dujiangyan Project is a World Cultural Heritage Site with relevance to water conservancy. It has been operated for more than 2,260 years and is still playing an important role in irrigation, urban and industrial water supply, flood control and tourism. This paper discusses the hydraulic principles of the project, focusing on the reasons for the longevity of the project. In particular, two aspects of the project are reviewed, namely the project’s practical engineering design and its outstanding historical significance and time-based maintenance. The project ingeniously used the topography of the terrain in the design of weir structures. The task of water diversion, irrigation and flood control was achieved using a two-step approach. The first step was achieved by utilizing the shifting of streamlines and the bend of flow from the town of Guankou to Fish Mouth (a diversion embankment). Flow and sediment discharge was further optimized using the second step of combined control of Feishayan (a sediment and flow spillway) and Baopingkou (an irrigating gate). The bend of flow within the Inner River forces the surface water to flow into Baopingkou, while the bottom sediments and pebbles discharge from Feishayan. Dynasties

throughout history attached great importance to the management and maintenance of the project. Retrofitting and time-based renovation prevented the abandonment of the project due to sediment accumulation and aging of building materials. Since the maintenance and operation costs were far lower than the economic, social and ecological benefits the project had brought, the Dujiangyan Project was sustainable over the long term. The study of the engineering design and maintenance rules of the Dujiangyan Project has value for the design and construction of modern hydraulic projects.

原文链接：http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29HY.1943-7900.0000675