《供水研究与技术》杂志刊登“可供生活饮用的雨水收集系统中的人口统计、实践和水质研究”

作者：Bonnie Stump, Matthew McBroom and Ray Darville

刊物：Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology，2012年，61卷第5期，261-271页

关键词：重金属；铅；用于饮用的雨水；雨水收集；屋顶收集雨水

摘要：在半干旱地区，人口迅速增加，雨水收集利用已经变得越来越重要。利用屋顶收集雨水是世界上很多住户独有的水源。不正确的收集、存储和处理雨水会给人类健康带来不利影响。本文调查了36家住户的雨水收集实践，检验了收集系统中的水质。从这些住户家中储存的过滤前的雨水和过滤后的雨水中取样，这些雨水通过家中的水龙头用于饮用和烹饪。住户收集雨水是希望保存水资源，并认为雨水比地表水或地下水更干净。大约95%的住户有过滤和净化的仪器，但64%的人不会去检验水质。研究发现，过滤之后的雨水没有发现大肠杆菌，但一些过滤前的雨水水样中有大量的异养型细菌。25%的过滤前的水样和6%的过滤后的水样中铅含量超标（美国环保署标准为15μg L^–1）。通过使用雨水首次冲洗分离装置，能显著减小过滤前水样铅含量超标的可能性。少部分住户家中铝、铜、铁的含量超标。尽管从屋顶收集的雨水处理后一般能到到饮用水标准，但是还是要经常检查水质以免发生潜在的健康问题。

Demographics, practices and water quality from domestic potable rainwater harvesting systems

Authors : Bonnie Stump, Matthew McBroom and Ray Darville

Journal: Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology，2012.61(5)，261-271

keywords: bacteria；heavy metal； lead； potable rainwater；rainwater harvesting；roof-collected rainwater

Abstract: In semi-arid regions experiencing rapid population growth, rainwater harvesting is becoming increasingly important. Roof-collected rainwater is the exclusive water source for many households worldwide. Improper collection, storage or treatment of rainwater can result in adverse health effects. This study surveys rainwater harvesting practices and examines water quality from these systems. At 36 households, stored ‘pre-filtration’ rainwater and ‘post-filtration’ water from the kitchen faucet used for drinking and cooking were sampled. Rainwater harvesters desire to conserve water and believe that rainwater is more healthful than surface or groundwater. Almost 95% of homeowners use filtration and purification devices, but 64% have never tested their water. Coliform bacteria were not found in any post-filtration water, but some pre-filtration water samples were high in total heterotrophic bacteria. Lead levels exceeded the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard of 15μg L^–1 in 25% of pre-filtration samples and 6% of post-filtration samples. First-flush diversion devices significantly decreased the likelihood of pre-filtration lead levels above 15μg L^-1. Aluminium, copper and iron exceeded USEPA recommended levels in a small percentage of homes. Although water from roof-collected rainwater harvesting systems was generally within drinking water standards, regular testing should be encouraged to avoid potential health problems.

原文链接: http://www.iwaponline.com/jws/061/jws0610261.htm

翻译：周毓彦；审核：翟家齐