《wetland》杂志刊登“德克萨斯州滨海湿地管理对非繁殖水鸟的影响”

作者：Owen N.Fitzsimmons, Bart M.Ballard, M.Todd Merendino, Guy A.Baldassarre and Kevin M. Hartke

刊物：《wetland》2012年9月3日

关键词：水生无脊椎动物；沼泽管理；德克萨斯州滨海；水鸟

摘要：德克萨斯州海滨沼泽在数量和上质量均有所下降，这促进了堤坝和水流控制结构的广泛使用，以此来创造和加强沿海沼泽栖息地环境。特别是在盐碱沼泽主导的景观中，采用管理技术为淡水（<0.5 ppt）以及中等盐碱沼泽（(0.5–5 ppt)）供水。然而，需要相应的研究来评价这些技术提供水鸟栖息地的有效性。在2007-2009年间，通过对比德克萨斯州中部海岸实行水位和机制管理的海滨沼泽的堤坝地区与邻近的没有开展水文或机制管理的沼泽区域，研究沼泽管理对鸟类、植物和水生无脊椎动物群落的影响。相对于没有开展管理的区域，开展管理的沼泽有更丰富的鸟类物种、更高的水鸟密度、更高的植物多样性以及更大的水生无脊椎动物生物量。然而，没有开展管理的湿地有更高的物种密度和更多的独特的沼泽鸟类物种。滨海沼泽的管理可以降低水的盐度和抑制植物演替，这为缓解淡水和中等盐咸沼泽的减少对非繁殖鸟类的影响提供了一种可能方法。

Implications of Coastal Wetland Management to Nonbreeding Waterbirds in Texas

Author: Owen N.Fitzsimmons, Bart M.Ballard, M.Todd Merendino, Guy A.Baldassarre and Kevin M. Hartke

Key words:  Aquatic invertebrates ;Marsh management; Texas Coast; Waterbirds

Abstract: Texas coastal marshes have declined in number and quality, prompting the widespread use of levees and water control structures to create or enhance coastal marsh habitat. In particular, management techniques that control water to provide fresh (<0.5 ppt) and intermediate (0.5–5 ppt) marsh in a landscape dominated by brackish and saline marsh. However, research is needed to assess the effectiveness of these techniques in providing waterbird habitat. During 2007–09 along the central Texas Coast, we investigated the effects of marsh management on bird, plant, and aquatic invertebrate communities by comparing leveed areas within the coastal marsh that received water level and mechanical management, to adjacent nonmanaged marsh that received no hydrologic or mechanical manipulations. Managed marshes supported more bird species, greater waterbird densities, greater plant diversity, and greater aquatic invertebrate biomass than nonmanaged sites. However, nonmanaged wetlands supported greater densities and more species of secretive marsh birds (e.g., rails). Management of coastal marsh that reduces water salinities and suppresses plant succession appears to be a possible way to mitigate the effects of declines in fresh and intermediate marsh on nonbreeding waterbirds.

原文链接：http://www.springerlink.com/content/tm343l7580uv573g/fulltext.html