《国际泥沙研究》杂志刊登“大型三角洲和寄生河流的性别”

作  者：Zhao-yin WANG, Guo-an YU, He Qing HUANG, and Rui-yu WANG

刊  物：《国际泥沙研究》，2012年，27卷，18-36页

关键词：三角洲类别；阳性与阴性河流；形态学；河流形态；寄生河流；黄河

摘  要：三角洲是大型河流中水动力最为活跃的部分，同时也反映了形态学最基础的部分——生态及人类影响。调查了许多大型河流的三角洲，包括长江、珠江、黄河、尼罗河、莱茵河、密西西比河、滦河和埃布罗河。对河流沉积物、水、底栖无脊椎动物、鱼类进行了采样收集和数据整理。经统计分析后，将三角洲划分为阳性三角洲和阴性三角洲。黄河、密西西比河、滦河、乌拉尔河和埃布罗河三角洲为阳性三角洲，其特点为：延伸至海洋，有1到2个河道，河口为扇形。其发展过程有周期性节点和随机性迁徙。在携沙率较高并潮汐较弱的情况下较易发育。而长江、莱茵河、莫银河、斯凯尔特河、珍珠河和伊洛瓦底江为阴性河流，其特点为有复杂的水系、众多的阻碍和沙洲。在携沙率较低切潮汐较强的情况下较易发育。阴性三角洲较为稳定并有较强的生物多样性。因此在生物多样性方面，阴性三角洲较阳性三角洲比较，拥有物种丰富的底栖无脊椎动物和鱼类。人类的活动减小了泥沙含量，进而改变了三角洲的性别。阳性三角洲河流在其下游及河口拥有较高的提防，一些河流顺沿其提防流入大海，阳性河流对其外观，长度，稳定性等有决定性意义。因此，这些河流被命名为寄生河流，一般来说，寄生河流没有支流并几乎没有汇水面积。这些河流的径流全部来自周围地区的降雨，从而使得在降雨期有较高峰值。黄河和滦河有许多寄生河流，有一些寄生河流较长，可达到400-500km，如徒骇河、马家河。对这些寄生河流的管理必须纳入对其父系河流的管理战略中。

Gender of large river deltas and parasitizing rivers

Authors: Zhao-yin WANG, Guo-an YU, He Qing HUANG, and Rui-yu WANG

Journal: international journal of sediment research, 27 (2012) 18-36

Key words: Classification of deltas, Male and female rivers, Morphology, River patterns, Parasitizing river, YellowRiver

Abstract: Deltas are the most dynamic part of large rivers and the characteristics of deltas reflect the basic nature of morphodynamics, ecology and anthropogenic influence. The authors investigated many deltas of large rivers, including the Yellow, Yangtze, Pearl, Rhine, Nile, Mississippi, Luanhe and Ebro rivers. Data were collected and sediment, water, benthic invertebrates and fish were sampled. Statistical analysis showed that deltas can be classified into male deltas and female deltas. The deltas of the Yellow, Mississippi, Luanhe, Ural and Ebro rivers are male deltas. Male deltas extend into the ocean, each with only one or two channels, forming a fan-shape. Its development process is accompanied with periodic nodal or random avulsions. Male deltas develop if the sediment load／water ratio is high and the tidal range is low.  The deltas of the Yangtze, Rhein-Meme-Scheldt, Pearl and Irrawaddy rivers are female. Female deltas consist of complex channel networks and numerous bars and islands．Female deltas develop if the load／water ratio is not high and tidal current is relatively strong．Female deltas provide stable and multiple habitats for various bio-communities. Therefore, the biodiversity of female deltas and the taxa richness of benthic invertebrates and fish are much higher than that of male deltas. Human activities reduced sediment load and change the delta gender from male to female. Male rivers have high levees in their lower reaches and estuary. Several rivers originate from the levees of a male fiver and flow parallel with the river into the sea. Appearance. Persistence, length and stability of these rivers depend on the male river to which they are attached. Therefore，these rivers are named parasitizing rivers. In general, parasitizing rivers have no tributaries and almost no drainage area. The runoff of these rivers comes from the rainfall on the surrounding area, and therefore, the flow discharge exhibits very sharp peaks during rainfall. The Yellow and Luanhe rivers have many parasitizing rivers. Some of the parasitizing rivers are quite long. with a length of 400-500 km, such as the Tuhai River and Majia Rivet. Management of parasitizing rivers must be integrated into management strategies of their father rivers.

原文链接：http://d.g.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_gjnsyj-e201201002.aspx