《Hydrological Processes》杂志刊登“实验室尺度集水区的泥沙动力学模拟”

作  者：G. R. Hancock; J. Nuake; S. G. Fityus

刊  物：《Hydrological Processes》，2006年，20卷（1）

关键词：景观模拟；侵蚀；地表水文学；地貌学；输沙；西伯利亚景观；演化模式

摘  要：将一个简单的模拟小区应用于坡面的形态研究实验中，其中大部分的流域参数作为已知或可控条件。试验得出，在同样的水文条件下，使其初始坡面条件相同，泥沙在相似的集水区仍然有着相当大的不同。在直线型坡面，泥沙初始输出较高，但随着时间而减少。与直线型坡面相比，凹型坡面的沉积物相对少且稳定。凹型坡面试验显示，泥沙输出的减少与坡面斜度线性相关。利用该试验模拟流域数据，检测了西伯利亚景观演化模型预测泥沙输移的能力。借助对降雨及侵蚀进行校准，该西伯利亚模型可以模拟特定坡面和降雨强度条件下实验流场的整体输沙量，并可模拟坡面分布试验流场。研究为预测西伯利亚的泥沙输移量提供了依据。试验数据同时表明，在所有地貌水文变量可控的条件下，仍然需要长期的测量来评估流域水文与泥沙输移过程。

Modeling of sediment dynamics in a laboratory-scale experimental catchment

Authors: G. R. Hancock; J. Nuake; S. G. Fityus

Journal: Hydrological Processes, 2006, 20(1)

Key words: landscape simulator; erosion; surface hydrology; geomorphology; sediment transport; SIBERIA landscape; evolution model

Abstract: The variability of hillslope form and function is examined experimentally using a simple model catchment in which most landscape development parameters are either known or controlled. It is demonstrated that there is considerable variability in sediment output from similar catchments, subjected to the same hydrological processes, and for which the initial hillslope profiles are the same. The results demonstrate that, in the case of catchments with a linear initial hillslope profile, the sediment output is initially high but reduces through time, whereas for a concave initial profile the sediment output was smaller and relatively constant. Concave hillslope profiles also displayed reduced sediment output when compared with linear slopes with the same overall slope. Using this experimental model catchment data, the SIBERIA landscape evolution model was tested for its ability to predict temporal sediment transport. When calibrated for the rainfall and erodible material, SIBERIA is able to simulate mean temporal sediment output for the experimental catchment over a range of hillslope profiles and rainfall intensities. SIBERIA is also able to match the hillslope profile of the experimental catchments. The results of the study provide confidence in the ability of SIBERIA to predict temporal sediment output. The experimental and modelling data also demonstrate that, even with all geomorphic and hydrological variables being known and/or controlled, there is still a need for long-term stream gauging to obtain reliable assessments of field catchment hydrology and sediment transport.

原文链接：http://d.g.wanfangdata.com.cn/NSTLQK_NSTL_QKJJ029892922.aspx