《wetland》杂志刊登“1994年至2001年北卡罗来纳州沿海岸湿地的变化评估”

作者：Melissa Vernon Carle
刊物：《wetland》2012年12月
关键词：减轻；允许影响；恢复；空间分析
摘要：尽管1972年通过了《清洁水法》,建立了保护湿地的联邦和州的许可程序,并声明其目标是湿地资源“无净损失”，然而美国沿海的湿地资源依然持续减少。本文对1994至2001年北卡罗来纳州沿海岸20个县的湿地损失率进行了评估，数据来自于1994年北卡罗来纳州海岸管理部门(NCDCM)的湿地调查数据和2001年全国土地覆盖数据集。精度评估的结果用于湿地损失的调整评估，并且结果与NCDCM的数据进行了对比。1994至2001年间湿地的总损失量为25303公顷，占1994年湿地面积的1.95%。其中，17858公顷的湿地转变为山地，7445公顷转变为开放水域。这些结果要高于公开的大西洋沿海湿地以及美国总体的湿地损失率。然而相关机构的记录与此相反，记录表明北卡罗莱纳州的20个沿海县从1994到2001年间湿地修复了4591公顷，新建了68公顷的湿地。

Estimating Wetland Losses and Gains in Coastal North Carolina: 1994–2001

Authors: Melissa Vernon Carle
Journal:wetland,2012
Key words: Mitigation; Permitted impacts; Restoration ;Spatial analysis
Abstract: Wetland resources have continued to decline in coastal regions of the United States despite passage of the 1972 Clean Water Act, creation of federal and state wetland permitting programs, and declaration of the goal of “no net loss” of wetland resources. Wetland loss rates were assessed across 20 counties in coastal North Carolina from 1994 to 2001 using 1994 wetland inventory data from the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (NCDCM) and the 2001 National Land Cover Dataset. Accuracy assessment results were used to generate adjusted estimates of wetland loss, and the results were compared to restoration data from the NCDCM. Total wetland loss from 1994 to 2001 was 25,303 ha, or 1.95% of the 1994 wetland area. Of the total, 17,858 ha converted to upland and 7,445 ha converted to open water. These results are somewhat higher than published loss rates for Atlantic coastal watersheds and for the United States as a whole. By contrast, agency records suggest that a maximum of 4,591 ha of wetland restoration and 68 ha of wetland creation were begun in the 20 North Carolina coastal counties from 1994 to 2001.

原文链接：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13157-011-0242-z/fulltext.html
翻译：刘金轲；审阅：翟正丽