《Applied Geochemistry》杂志刊登“印度从源头控制高氟地下水”

 
作 者：Gunnar Jacks, Prosun Bhattacharya, Vikas Chaudhary, K.P. Singh
刊 物：《Applied Geochemistry》，2005年，20卷第2期，221-228页
关键词：无
摘 要：印度地区牙齿和骨骼的氟中毒现象日趋常见，已有6200万人口受到氟的危害。恒河流域南部坚硬岩石地区和国家西北部干旱区域极易发现高氟地下水。该现象与地下水存在剩余碱度（Ca2+< HCO3-）息息相关。氟的浓度是由吸附平衡和氟化物溶解性所控制的。蒸散发通常导致钙沉淀，较低的Ca活性和不断增长Na/Ca比值促使F-浓度进一步提高。印度南部Mg似乎由白云石控制，然而在拉贾斯坦邦海泡石和坡缕石是Mg的沉淀，在碱性条件下能够释放出F-。后面的两种矿物同样可能是羟基位置上F-重要的源和汇。由于灌溉土壤的钠质程度增加是氟中毒发病率越来越高的一个重要因素，包括添加石膏和集雨等补救措施在钠度并不导致土壤结构性问题的区域是必要的。

Controls on the genesis of some high-fluoride groundwaters in India

Authors: Gunnar Jacks, Prosun Bhattacharya, Vikas Chaudhary, K.P. Singh
Journal: Applied Geochemistry, Volume 20, Number 2 (2005), 221-228
Key words: None
Abstract: India has an increasing incidence of fluorosis, dental and skeletal, with some 62 million people at risk. High fluoride groundwaters are present especially in the hard rock areas south of the Ganges valley and in the arid north-western part of the country. The phenomenon is related to groundwater with residual alkalinity (Ca2+< HCO3-). Fluoride concentrations are governed by adsorption equilibria and by fluorite solubility. Evapotranspiration leads to a precipitation of calcite, a lowering of Ca activity and increase in Na/Ca ratios, and this allows an increase in F- levels. In southern India, Mg seems to be controlled by dolomite, while sepiolite and palygorskite are Mg sinks in Rajasthan but may then release F- under alkaline conditions. The latter two minerals are probably also important sources and sinks for F- in the hydroxy-positions. The increase in the extent of sodic soils as a result of irrigation is a contributing factor to the increasing incidence of fluorosis. Remedial measures including addition of gypsum and rainwater harvesting are needed even in areas where the sodicity does not cause structural problems in the soil.

原文链接：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883292704001581
翻译：孙瑞刚；审核：陈康宁