《Water Resources Management》刊登“居民用水：效率，承受能力和价格弹性”

作者：Ming-Feng Hung, Bin-Tzong Chie
刊物：《Water Resources Management》，2013年， 27卷第1期，275-291页
关键词：居民用水；效率；承受能力；水价；限额交易；价格弹性；主体模型
摘要：在实践中，水价是抑制居民用水浪费现象的主要经济手段。考虑到居民的水价承受能力及水的不可或缺性，居民生活用水的定价常被系统性地降低了。低水价又会导致低效用水。为调和居民用水矛盾，本文在当前价格体系中加入限额交易措施，这使所有拥有独立收入的人不得不面对合理的价格信号并提高自身用水效率，但贫困人口会从交易中获益并用于支付水费。主体模型的模拟结果表明，在此价格体系下，尽管台北市居民用水的均衡价格更高了，但低收入人口会富裕起来。市场需求的平均价格弹性模拟值为-0.449。

Residential Water Use: Efficiency, Affordability, and Price Elasticity

Authors:Ming-Feng Hung, Bin-Tzong Chie
Journal: Water Resources Management, 2013, 27（1）：275-291.
Key words:Residential water; Efficiency; Affordability; Water pricing; Cap and trade; Price elasticity; Agent-based model
Abstract:In practice, water pricing is the main economic instrument used to discourage the wasteful use of residential water. Owing to considerations of affordability, residential water is systematically underpriced because water is essential for life. Such a low price results in water being used inefficiently. This paper proposes a system that supplements the existing price system with a cap-and-trade measure to reconcile conflicts among the goals of residential water use. It forces all people (independent of income) to be faced with reasonable price signals and to use water efficiently. The poor could, however, gain from trade and afford water. By taking advantage of the agent-based model, a simulation of this system applied to Taipei, Taiwan shows that those with lower income per capita are better off under this system even though the equilibrium price of residential water is higher. The simulated average price elasticity of market demand is -0.449.

原文链接：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11269-012-0185-z
翻译：杨立疆；审核：翟家齐