《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》杂志刊登

“城市森林水文模型的ITREE-HYDRO降雪水文过程修正”

作者：Yang Yang；Theodore A. Endreny；David J. Nowak

刊物：《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》，2011年，第47卷，6期

关键词：itree-hydro；城市综合水动力；寒冷气候水文学；积雪；雪消融；雪升华

摘要：本文提出了基于itree-hydro系统下的降雪水文修正模型，过去被称作森林影响下城市水文模型。最初的itree-hydro模块是基于美国农业部林务局在温暖气候下开发的模型，该模型在规范的流程与处理方式下，针对部分城市地区涉及到的森林系统，对其提供水资源的质量和数量进行了预测。在寒冷水文气候条件下，对之前的模型进行了一下几方面修正：（1）模拟树冠对降雪的拦截作用。（2）降雪卸载模型中考虑了风的因素。（3）融雪模块中，对降雪消融过程中相性变化进行热模拟。（4）模拟了雪升华的效果。引用1996-1997年俄勒冈州姆普夸国家公园冬季积雪及天气数据，对寒冷气候下的水文模型进行验证。积雪及树冠下效率分别取0.77和0.91。

ITREE-HYDRO SNOW HYDROLOGY UPDATE FOR THE URBAN FOREST HYDROLOGY MODEL

Authors: Yang Yang；Theodore A. Endreny；David J. Nowak

Journal: Journal of the American Water Resources Association EISCI, 2011, 47(6)

Key words: itree-hydro, UFORE-hydro, cold climate hydrology, snow interception  snow accumulation, snow ablation, snow sublimation

Abstract: This article presents snow hydrology updates made to iTree-Hydro, previously called the Urban Forest Effects-Hydrology model. iTree-Hydro Version 1 was a warm climate model developed by the USDA Forest Service to provide a process-based planning tool with robust water quantity and quality predictions given data limitations common to most urban areas. Cold climate hydrology routines presented in this update to iTree-Hydro include: (1) snow interception to simulate the capture of snow by the vegetation canopy, (2) snow unloading to simulate the release of snow triggered by wind, (3) snowmelt to simulate the solid to liquid phase change using a heat budget, and (4) snow sublimation to simulate the solid to gas phase via evaporation. Cold climate hydrology routines were tested with research-grade snow accumulation and weather data for the winter of 1996-1997 at Umpqua National Forest, Oregon. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency for open area snow accumulation was 0.77 and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency for under canopy was 0.91. The USDA Forest Service offers iTree-Hydro for urban forest hydrology simulation through iTreetools.org.

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