《Regional Environmental Change》杂志刊登“气候变化对热带安第斯山脉的冰川和水资源的威胁”

作者：Pierre Chevallier, Bernard Pouyaud, Wilson Suarez, Thomas Condom

刊物：《Regional Environmental Change》，2011年3月，11卷第1期，179－187页

关键词：水资源；用水；高山；热带冰川

摘要：世界上几乎所有的热带冰川都位于中部安第斯山脉（秘鲁，玻利维亚，厄瓜多尔和哥伦比亚）。由于高海拔、高辐射和热带气候动力，它们极易受气候变化的威胁，结果不仅导致气候变暖，也导致降水量的不断变化。许多冰川对当地居民甚至利马（秘鲁首都）、拉巴斯（玻利维亚首都）和基多（厄瓜多尔首都）都至关重要，因为这是他们水和能源供应的来源。本文发现，由于冰川融化的不均衡，水量在一段时间内将会增加，伴随着冰川这座储水池的快速萎缩，可利用的水资源将会减少。本文以布兰卡山（秘鲁）为例，详细分析了中期（20年）和长期（100年－200年）的冰川萎缩对当地水资源的影响。描述了人口和人类活动（旅游，水电，农业和畜牧业，大型灌区）对不同海拔山脉的影响，并对山脉的不同区段人口和人类活动的相关影响进行了描述。

Climate change threats to environment in the tropical Andes: glaciers and water resources

Authors: Pierre Chevallier, Bernard Pouyaud, Wilson Suarez, Thomas Condom

Journal: Regional Environmental Change, March 2011,Volume 11,Issue 1 Supplement, pp 179-187

Key word: Water resources; Water uses; High mountains; Tropical glaciers

Abstract: Almost all of the world’s glaciers in the tropical latitudes are located in the Central Andes (Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and Colombia). Due to their high altitude, to the high level of radiation and to the tropical climate dynamics, they all are particularly threatened by climate change, as a result of not only warming, but also of changing variability of precipitation. Many glaciers are of crucial importance for the livelihood of the local populations and even for three capitals, Lima (Peru), La Paz (Bolivia) and Quito (Ecuador), which depend on them for water and energy supplies. This paper shows that after a period of increased flow due to the glacier melt disequilibrium, the available water resource will decrease along with the rapid shrinking of the glaciers considered as water reservoirs. The case of the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) is analyzed more in detail with the mid-term (20 years) and long-term (1–2 centuries) impact of the glacier shrinking on the local water resources. Associated risks for the population and consequences for the human activities (tourism, hydropower, agriculture and stock-breeding, large-scale irrigation) are described at each stage of the mountain range.

原文链接：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10113-010-0177-6