《Wetland》杂志刊登“行播作物的扩张导致南达科他州大草原坑洼地区湿地的损失”

作者：Carol A.Johnston

刊物：《Wetland》，2013年3月

关键词：GIS ；农业；猜想；作物；大豆

摘要：农业是南北达科他州大草原坑洼地区湿地损失的最大原因。对玉米生物乙醇的需求，农业保护合约的届满以及商品价格的不断攀升等因素导致了湿地转变为行播作物用地。本研究的目的是运用GIS分析工具将2011年国家农业统计服务的农田数据层（CDL）同美国鱼类和野生动物服务的国家湿地目录（NWI）以及美国地质调查局国家土地覆盖数据库（NLCD）相关联，从而判断南北达科他州大草原坑洼地区在近期湿地和行播作物的转化率。NWI描绘的湿地与20世纪80年代的湿地一样，然而NLCD描绘的湿地和2001年一样。按年率计算，NWI湿地损失率为0.28%（即每年减少5203公顷），NLCD湿地损失率为0.35%，（即每年损失6223公顷）。达科他州大草原坑洼地区的西部和北部边缘的湿地损失较少，是由于该区域的气候和地形限制，不利于其转变为行播作物用地。通过这一研究产生的显著湿地损失区域图为监测和执法机构提供了一种手段，通过这种手段可以快速识别潜在的违反条款或其他湿地法规的行为。

Wetland Losses Due to Row Crop Expansion in the Dakota Prairie Pothole Region

Author: Carol A.Johnston

Key words:GIS；Agriculture；Imagery；Corn；Soybeans

Abstract: Agriculture is the greatest source of wetland loss in the Prairie Pothole Region of North and South Dakota (Dakota PPR). Demand for corn ethanol, expiration of agricultural conservation contracts, and increasing commodity prices may have stimulated alteration of wetlands for row crop production. The purpose of this study was to determine recent wetland-to-row-crop transition rates within the Dakota PPR, using GIS analysis to intersect the 2011 National Agricultural Statistics Service’s Cropland Data Layer (CDL) with wetlands mapped by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service’s National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) and the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Land Cover Database (NLCD). The NWI depicts wetlands as they existed in the 1980s, whereas the NLCD depicts wetlands as of 2001. On an annualized basis, the NWI wetland loss rate was 0.28 % (−5,203 ha/yr) and the NLCD wetland loss rate was 0.35 % (−6,223 ha/yr). Fewer losses occurred along the western and northern edges of the Dakota PPR, which are less conducive to row crops due to climate and topographic limitations. The map of apparent wetland losses generated by this study provides a means for monitoring and enforcement agencies to quickly identify potential violations of compliance with Swampbuster or other wetland regulations.

原文链接：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13157-012-0365-x