《Soil Use and Management》刊登“水力侵蚀引起的土壤资源流失与模拟降雨条件下无水力侵蚀的农田的对比”

作者：Stavi, I. ；Lal, R.

期刊：Soil Use and Management，2011年，第27卷，第1期

关键词：土壤有机碳；美国俄亥俄州；北美；新北区；土壤侵蚀；产沙量；模拟降雨；土壤资源；水力侵蚀农田；未侵蚀农田；累计径流

摘要：土壤侵蚀在美国玉米种植带的农业土地上分布广泛。本研究的目的是在实验室模拟降雨的条件下检验前期侵蚀对土壤流失的影响。在俄亥俄州中部有一农业生态系统保护区，实验所用的土壤就取自于该地区受到侵蚀（ER）和未受到侵蚀(UN)地区的表层土。首先对风干土进行60分钟的降雨模拟（干燥运行），之后再进行一次历时24小时的模拟（潮湿运行）。在干燥运行过程中，在水径流累积量，产沙量，土壤有机碳损失等方面，受过侵蚀的土壤的损失量要高于未受过侵蚀的土壤。前者的分别为12.3 L/m²，169.3 g/m²，56 g/m²，后者分别为为7.3 L/m² ，22.6 g/m²，0.9 g/m²。但是在水的累计渗透量上却观测到了相反的趋势（分别为0.9和3.9 L/m²）。在潮湿运行过程中，尽管累计径流在流水侵蚀的两个阶段是类似的（受过侵蚀的土壤和未受侵蚀的土壤风别为20.1和19.6 L/ m²）；而在产沙量和土壤有机碳损失量上，受侵蚀的土壤（分别为484.4g/ m²和16.3 g/ m²）要高于未受侵蚀的土壤（分别为146.6 g/m²和5.3 g/m²）。同时在潮湿运行过程中，还观察到了累计渗透的相反的趋势（分别为0.8和5.8L/m²）.这项研究表明，过去土壤受到的侵蚀过程增加了现在土壤的敏感性，从而加速了侵蚀。

Loss of soil resources from water-eroded versus uneroded cropland sites under simulated rainfall

Authors：Stavi, I. ；Lal, R.

Journal：Soil Use and Management ，EI SCI 2011, 27(1)

Key words: soil organic carbon Ohio: USA  North America  Nearctic region  soil erosion  sediment yield  simulated rainfall  soil resource  water-eroded cropland site  uneroded cropland site  cumulative water runoff

Abstract: Soil erosion is widespread in agricultural lands of the US Corn Belt. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of antecedent erosion on loss of soil under laboratory simulated rainfall. The soil was obtained from the surface layer of eroded (ER) and uneroded (UN) sites within a conservation agro-ecosystem in central Ohio, USA. Air-dried soil was subjected to a rainfall simulation for 60 min (dry run), and to another simulation (wet run) 24 h after the dry run. In the dry run, the cumulative water runoff, sediment yield, and soil organic carbon loss were higher in ER (12.3 L/m2, 169.3 g/m2, and 5.6 g/m2, respectively) than in the UN (7.3 L/m2, 22.6 g/m2, and 0.9 g/m2 respectively). An opposite trend was observed for the cumulative water infiltration (0.9 and 3.9 L/m2, respectively). In the wet run, despite a similar cumulative water runoff from the two erosional phases (20.1 and 19.6 L/m2 in ER and UN respectively), sediment yield and soil organic carbon loss were higher in ER (484.4 g/m2, and 16.3 g/m2 respectively) than in the UN (146.6 g/m2, and 5.3 g/m2 respectively). Also for the wet run, an opposite trend was observed for the cumulative infiltration (0.8 and 5.8 L/m2 respectively). This study suggests that past erosional processes increase the susceptibility of remaining soil to accelerated erosion.

原文链接：https://vpn2.nlc.gov.cn/prx/000/http/d.g.wanfangdata.com.cn/NSTLQK_NSTL_QKJJ0222096149.aspx