《Wetland》杂志刊登“近期鱼类引入大沼泽地国家公园：水资源管理不可预见的后果”
作者：Jeffrey L.Kline, William F.Loftus,Kevin Kotun,Joel C.Trexler
刊物：《Wetland》，2013年2月
关键词：非土著鱼类；鱼科；慈鲷；沼泽地；运河；湿地；水资源管理，修复
摘要：非土著鱼类对大沼泽地国家公园（ENP）自然状态的维持提出了管理挑战。我们汇总了ENP鱼类长期监测研究的数据，审查了水资源管理变化的时间。早在20世纪50年代开始，人类的管理行为促进了运河的开挖，通过防洪和排水工程建设改变了湿地栖息地，并改变了汇入大沼泽地国家公园的流量，尤其是改变了进入Taylor Slough/C-111流域和Rocky Glades的流量。第一批进入ENP的非土著鱼类可能是在20世纪60年代末，但是在20世纪80年代初新的水资源管理行动实施时物种数量急剧增加。1999年后，曾在公园范围外有记录的八个外来物种和三个本地物种，第一次在ENP中出现。这些外来物种的入侵往往随着沼泽的结构和管理行动的变化而发生，导致流向湿地的水流入东部的边界运河。一旦这种变化发生了，在沼泽湿地中控制外来鱼类就比较困难，因此，对于管理者来说，预防外来物种入侵是关键。采取管理行动以最大限度的减少外来物种在自然保护区域内的蔓延，将这一管理行动融入到适应性管理过程包括规划、管理等过程可能有助于实现沼泽地的修复目标。通过整合管理行为使得非本地物种进入被保护自然区域的速度降低，水处理运行机制有助于实现湿地恢复的目标。
Recent Fish Introductions Into Everglades National Park: An Unforeseen Consequence of Water Management?
Authors: Jeffrey L.Kline, William F.Loftus,Kevin Kotun,Joel C.Trexler
Journal:Wetland,2013
Key words:Non-native fishes;Cichlids;Everglades;Canals;Wetlands;Water management;Restoration
Abstract: Non-native fishes present a management challenge to maintaining Everglades National Park (ENP) in a natural state. We summarized data from long-term fish monitoring studies in ENP and reviewed the timing of introductions relative to water-management changes. Beginning in the early 1950s, management actions have added canals, altered wetland habitats by flooding and drainage, and changed inflows into ENP, particularly in the Taylor Slough/C-111 basin and Rocky Glades. The first non-native fishes likely entered ENP by the late 1960s, but species numbers increased sharply in the early 1980s when new water-management actions were implemented. After 1999, eight non-native species and three native species, all previously recorded outside of Park boundaries, were found for the first time in ENP. Several of these incursions occurred following structural and operational changes that redirected water deliveries to wetlands open to the eastern boundary canals. Once established, control non-native fishes in Everglades wetlands is difficult; therefore, preventing introductions is key to their management. Integrating actions that minimize the spread of non-native species into protected natural areas into the adaptive management process for planning, development, and operation of water-management features may help to achieve the full suite of objectives for Everglades restoration.
原文链接：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13157-012-0362-0
翻译：刘金柯；审核：翟正丽
