《Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 》杂志刊登“采用遗传算法对水电站的隧洞和调压井的设计变量进行优化”

作  者：M. Fathi-Moghadam, S. Haghighipour, H.Mohammad Vali Samani

刊  物：《Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management》， 139卷第2期(2013年3月)，1358-1367页

关键词：大型水电站；水力瞬变；成本效益比

摘  要：在大型水电站的运行中隧洞和调压室的优化设计是一个重要的问题，特别是那些隧道很长且可能发生水锤（击）的情况。本文以迭代的方式联合流场模拟和优化过程，开发了一种可在紧急情况下（最大冲击压力）对水电隧洞和调压室进行优化设计的通用模型。利用有限差分法解决了管道中的非恒定流分析，同时遗传算法优化技术用来选择引水隧洞、压力管道和调压室的直径，在优化分析中以成本效益比为目标函数。利用该方法对Maran水电站(位于伊朗西南部)的隧洞的设计直径表明：遗传算法的应用大大节省了工程造价。用遗传算法计算得到的具备和不具备调压井的隧道中的压力与用阀门关闭理论和其他理论计算得到的结果相一致。因此这个模型可以用来优化隧道的分支系统和具有调压井的压力管道的直径。

Design-Variable Optimization of Hydropower Tunnels and Surge Tanks Using a Genetic Algorithm

Authors: M. Fathi-Moghadam, S. Haghighipour, H.Mohammad Vali Samani

Journal: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, Volume 139, Issue 2 (March 2013) , 200–208

Key words: Large hydropower plant, Hydraulic transient, Benefit-cost ratio

Abstract: Optimal design of tunnels and surge tanks is a major concern in the implementation and operation of large hydropower plants, particularly those in which tunnels are long and water hammer is likely. In this paper, flow simulation and an optimization process have been linked in an iterative manner to develop a general model for the optimal design of hydropower tunnels and surge tanks for the emergency condition of operation (maximum surge pressure). The governing equations for the analysis of transient flow in conduits are solved using a finite difference scheme. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique is utilized to select the optimal diameter for the headrace tunnel, penstocks, and surge tanks. The benefit-cost ratio is considered as the objective function in the optimization analysis. The proposed method was used to design diameters for Marun hydropower tunnels (an in-operation large hydropower dam located in southwest Iran). The results were compared with results from a nonlinear optimization technique. They revealed considerable savings in construction cost, attributable to the application of GA. The calculated pressures across the tunnels with and without surge tank agree with valve closure theory and previous studies. The model is able to optimize diameters for a branching system of tunnels and penstocks with surge tanks.

原文链接：http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29WR.1943-5452.0000243