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《Wetlands》杂志刊登“湿地对洪水的影响机制”
发布时间: 2013-12-13   来源:

《Wetlands》杂志刊登“湿地对洪水的影响机制”

作者:M. Acreman, J. Holden

刊物:《Wetlands》,2013年8月

关键词:湿地;减少洪灾;景观

摘要:众所周知,湿地在水文循环中发挥着重要的作用,它影响着地下水的补给、补偿基流量、减少蒸发和调蓄洪水。这促使在世界性的范围内制定措施来保护和管理湿地以提供这些关键服务,尤其是降低洪水风险。关于湿地水文服务的陈词滥调很多,但是术语“湿地”涵盖了许多土地类型,包括潮湿的林地、泥炭沼泽、沼泽、盐碱沼泽。每一种湿地类型的水文功能都略有不同,使得很难概括湿地减少洪水的服务功能。本文中,我们重点放在两种湿地类型,分别是高地上的雨水补给型湿地和河漫滩湿地,以此来证明不同湿地类型具有不同防洪功能的原因。结果表明:高地湿地易于发生洪水,河漫滩湿地具有降低洪灾的巨大潜力。然而,景观分布和布局、土壤特点、地形地貌、土壤湿度状态和管理水平均对这些湿地的洪水减灾功能产生影响。

How Wetlands Affect Floods

Authors: M. Acreman, J. Holden

Journal:Wetland, August 2013

Key words: Wetland;Flood reduction;Landscape

Abstract: It is widely recognised that wetlands play an important role in the hydrological cycle, influencing groundwater recharge, low flows, evaporation and floods. This has led to policies being formulated world-wide to conserve and manage wetlands to deliver these key services, especially flood risk reduction. Generic statements have often been published about wetland hydrological services but the term “wetlands” covers many land types, including wet woodlands, reedbeds, peat bogs, fens, and salt marshes. Each of these wetland types can have a hydrological function that is subtly different, making it difficult to generalise the flood reduction services of wetlands. In this paper we focus on two example wetland types (upland rain-fed wetlands and floodplain wetlands) to demonstrate why there are differences in flood functions both within and between wetland types. Upland wetlands generally tend to be flood generating areas while floodplain wetlands have a greater potential to reduce floods. However, landscape location and configuration, soil characteristics, topography, soil moisture status and management all influence whether these wetlands provide flood reduction services.

原文链接:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13157-013-0473-2

翻译:刘金轲;审核:翟正丽
 
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