《Tourism Management》刊登“西班牙旅游业的水足迹”
作者：I. Cazcarro，A.Y. Hoekstra，J. Sánchez Chóliz
刊物：《Tourism Management》，2014年，40卷，90-101页
关键词：水足迹；虚拟水；输入-输出；西班牙
摘要：本文采用过程分析与输入输出分析相结合的方法，对西班牙水足迹（WF）的研究成果进行了补充研究。利用西班牙全国的土地、工业、服务业以及贸易行业的数据，研究发现农业、工业和服务业(尤其是旅游业)的虚拟水贸易总额占西班牙GDP的10%以上。为了获得输入参数，利用主要贸易合作者的有关水的数据以及输入输出平衡表，重现了这些经济活动的技术过程。结果表明，西班牙16%的出口额来自入境游，入境游的水足迹达到3.7km3。最后本文设置了四种情景，针对旅游消费与国内以及全球旅游业水足迹进行了比较。
The water footprint of tourism in Spain
Authors: I. Cazcarro，A.Y. Hoekstra，J. Sánchez Chóliz
Journal: Tourism Management, Volume40, 2014, pages 90-101
Key words: Water footprint; Virtual water; Input–output; Spain
Abstract: This study complements the water footprint (WF) estimations for Spain, incorporating insights of the process analysis and input–output (IO) analysis. We evaluate the virtual (both blue and green consumed) water trade of agricultural and industrial products, but also of services, especially through tourism, for a country in which more than 10% of the gross domestic product (GDP) derives from this activity. We use domestic and import disaggregated tables in the agro-alimentary activities, based mainly on national agrarian, industrial, services and trade statistics. In order to obtain import coefficients, water data and IO tables of the main trade partners are used to reproduce the technology of these economies. Results show that 16% of the Spanish exports are due to foreign tourism, thus the water footprint of foreign tourism in Spain is 3.7 km3. Finally, we compare reductions in total tourism expenditure and the domestic and global water footprint of tourism using four scenarios.
原文链接: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517713001167
翻译：杨立疆；审核：翟家齐
