《Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews》刊登“可供社区利用的雾水资源”

作者：Mussie Fessehayea，Sabah A. Abdul-Wahabb，Michael J. Savaged，Thomas Kohlerc，Tseggai Gherezghihere，Hans Hurnic

刊物：《Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews》，2014年，29卷，52-62页

关键词：气候与地形条件；雾水的形成；雾水利用；雾水收集的历史

摘要：雾水是一种潜在的水资源，其可通过收集而加以利用。自然条件下，雾水形成于云雾林中的植物截留作用。据调查，雾水收集与利用工作早在19世纪初就已开展，雾水也常常被用作补充水源。20世纪80年代末，智利成功开展了雾水资源收集与利用工作，此后，越来越多的发展中国家也加入到这个行列。这些国家中，多数都处于湿润、半湿润的气候条件下，而这样的环境是非常有利于雾水收集的。本文回顾了天然雾水收集的产生背景与历史发展、雾水形成的气候与地形条件（主要是平流运动与地形）以及雾水收集的技术创新要求、水量、水质和该工作对收益社区的影响等问题。总的来说，雾水收集的特点就是技术简单、成本节约和低能耗。然而，雾水收集的缺点就在于其受季节和地理位置的制约，且所采用的设备需要定期维护。各国雾水收集工作的经验表明，只要能解决雾水收集工作所涉及的技术、社会、经济和管理等方面的问题，雾水收集的可持续性就能得以保障。

Fog-water collection for community use

Authors: Mussie Fessehayea，Sabah A. Abdul-Wahabb，Michael J. Savaged，Thomas Kohlerc，Tseggai Gherezghihere，Hans Hurnic

Journal: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume29, 2014, pages 52-62

Key words: Climatic and topographical conditions; Fog formation; Fog-water use; History of fog collection

Abstract: Fog is a potential source of water that could be exploited using the innovative technology of fog collection. Naturally, the potential of fog has proven its significance in cloud forests that are thriving from fog interception. Historically, the remains of artificial structures in different countries prove that fog has been collected as an alternative and/or supplementary water source. In the beginning of the 19th century, fog collection was investigated as a potential natural resource. After the mid-1980s, following success in Chile, fog-water collection commenced in a number of developing countries. Most of these countries are located in arid and semi-arid regions with topographic and climatic conditions that favour fog-water collection. This paper reviews the technology of fog collection with initial background information on natural fog collection and its historical development. It reviews the climatic and topographic features that dictate fog formation (mainly advection and orographic) and the innovative technology to collect it, focusing on the amount collected, the quality of fog water, and the impact of the technology on the livelihoods of beneficiary communities. By and large, the technology described is simple, cost-effective, and energy-free. However, fog-water collection has disadvantages in that it is seasonal, localised, and the technology needs continual maintenance. Based on the experience in several countries, the sustainability of the technology could be guaranteed if technical, economic, social, and management factors are addressed during its planning and implementation.

原文链接: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032113006035

翻译：杨立疆；审核：翟家齐